- The Strategist - https://www.aspistrategist.org.au -
ASPI’s decades: Asia–Pacific to Indo-Pacific
Posted By Graeme Dobell on May 24, 2021 @ 06:00
That emphasis on geographical determinism is reinforced in the White Paper’s acknowledgement that, while Australia has four major strategic interests—a secure Australia, a secure neighbourhood, a stable Asia–Pacific and a rules-based global order—only the first two of those interests will actually shape the Australian force structure. Given that, one could be forgiven for wondering why the power balance shifts in the wider Asia–Pacific engendered by the rise of China are given so much prominence elsewhere in the document. Indeed, there seems to be something of a disconnect here. If developments in the wider region are not force structure determinants, why the emphasis on a larger fleet of long-range submarines with strategic strike capabilities? The revival of the Defence of Australia strategic orthodoxy suggests a narrowing of Australian strategic policy focus under the Rudd government.
It was the first public policy statement by a US ally that attempted to come to terms with the power shifts underway in the Asia–Pacific and raise questions about the durability of US strategic primacy. It lifted what had been academic, commentarial and officials’ discourse into the realm of declared policy and, therefore, attracted quite a bit of attention, particularly in Beijing and Washington.
The optimistic possibility is that Asia will evolve into a region in which cooperation trumps strategic competition—something akin to how Europe operates today. The more pessimistic possibility is that strategic competition will grow into mounting tensions and that Asia will face the same bleak prospects that Europe did a century ago.
[A]s multipolarity grows in Asia, regional perceptions of US primacy are becoming more blurred. That blurring weakens the interlinked systems of reassurance and deterrence that underpin the current order. As Asian coercive power grows—and coercive power is the power to intimidate as well as the power to do actual physical harm—the region as a whole is entering a new era of reassurance worries.
Asia’s rise is changing the world. This is a defining feature of the 21st century—the Asian century. These developments have profound implications for people everywhere. Asia’s extraordinary ascent has already changed the Australian economy, society and strategic environment … The Asian century is an Australian opportunity. As the global centre of gravity shifts to our region, the tyranny of distance is being replaced by the prospects of proximity. Australia is located in the right place at the right time—in the Asian region in the Asian century.
The compounding effect of China’s growth is accelerating shifts in relative economic and strategic weight. In parts of the Indo–Pacific, including in Southeast Asia, China’s power and influence are growing to match, and in some cases exceed, that of the United States. The future balance of power in the Indo–Pacific will largely depend on the actions of the United States, China and major powers such as Japan and India.
Article printed from The Strategist: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au
URL to article: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/aspis-decades-asia-pacific-to-indo-pacific/
[1] Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific century.: https://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/2009/docs/defence_white_paper_2009.pdf
[2] ‘a firm geography-based line’: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/import/Policy_Analysis41.pdf?r_6_1y7u2KlIZUs3nq3ecf7kbREc6TqH
[3] ‘ground-breaking’,: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/import/GlobalForces_Proceedings2011_low_res.pdf?biNG4.UdEVR5dARr8OblrMFrwZiZR.5S
[4] key unknown: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/import/SR35_known_unknowns.pdf?Gacps4PYROTsAW83iI7YqjHJ5_MCeAzd
[5] ‘strategic contours’: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/import/Strategic_contours.pdf?I6fbLBLmcBmPllF2dSDleZqT6lHvlXa5
[6] Australia in the Asian century: https://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/2013/docs/australia_in_the_asian_century_white_paper.pdf
[7] 2013 defence white paper: http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/2013/docs/australia_in_the_asian_century_white_paper.pdf
[8] centrality of the US: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/import/Policy_Analysis104_Asian_century.pdf?uqsTAhKNiJYxF3M4fx8R3dLnjGNi9tzG
[9] optimistic view of Asia: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20130913173250/http:/pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/133850/20130914-0122/asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/index.html
[10] 2016 defence white paper: http://www.defence.gov.au/WhitePaper/Docs/2016-Defence-White-Paper.pdf
[11] 2017 foreign policy white paper: https://www.fpwhitepaper.gov.au/