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The Antarctic Treaty System is on thin ice—and it's not all about climate change
Posted By John Garrick on November 12, 2021 @ 06:00
Article printed from The Strategist: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au
URL to article: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-antarctic-treaty-system-is-on-thin-ice-and-its-not-all-about-climate-change/
[1] 135 billion tonnes : https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/china-as-a-polar-great-power/22493FFC041E6739DAED329CCB71F688#:~:text=China%20has%20emerged%20as%20a,%2C%20scientific%2C%20and%20economic%20terms.&text=China
[2] stake a claim at a later stage: https://www.ats.aq/e/antarctictreaty.html
[3] now and then: https://theconversation.com/in-30-years-the-antarctic-treaty-becomes-modifiable-and-the-fate-of-a-continent-could-hang-in-the-balance-98654
[4] treaty: https://www.ats.aq/e/atcm.html
[5] environmental protocol: https://www.ats.aq/e/key-documents.html
[6] AUKUS: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-29/china-aukus-deal-australia-uk/100499122
[7] arbitral tribunal ruling: https://pca-cpa.org/en/news/pca-press-release-the-south-china-sea-arbitration-the-republic-of-the-philippines-v-the-peoples-republic-of-china/
[8] international governance forums: https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/chinas-approach-to-global-governance/
[9] continental airstrips: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cold-war-race-between-australia-and-china-for-all-year-antarctic-runways-s6kbcn8mx#:~:text=Australia
[10] national security policy: http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/npc/xinwen/lfgz/2015-06/25/content_1939399.htm
[11] expanded conception : https://securityboulevard.com/2020/11/hao-projection-chinese-drawn-world-map/
[12] Indo-Pacific: https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/what-is-the-indo-pacific/
[13] ‘polar politics, economy, science and security’: https://www.brookings.edu/research/northern-expedition-chinas-arctic-activities-and-ambitions/
[14] rich man’s club’: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203078310-11/china-antarctic-interests-anne-marie-brady
[15] November 2014 speech: http://web.archive.org/web/20191218230112/http:/www.oceanol.com/redian/
[16] the Arctic: https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1174816.shtml
[17] among others: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-29/china-stealth-drone-military-space-race-taiwan-tensions/100500578
[18] senior Chinese military leaders: http://www.china.com.cn/fangtan/zhuanti/2010lianghui/2010-03/08/content_19556085.htm
[19] ‘global commons’: https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/14123#:~:text=Antarctica%20is%20one%20of%20four%20internationally%20recognised%20global,principles%20that%20are%20key%20to%20ga%20global%20commons.
[20] educational programs and Chinese people’s rights: https://web.archive.org/web/20191213230323/http:/www.oceanol.com/redian/shiping/2014-11-25/38013.html
[21] climate change research: https://theconversation.com/climate-change-is-the-most-important-mission-for-universities-of-the-21st-century-139214
[22] fundamental: https://www.themandarin.com.au/170344-giant-drill-to-retrieve-million-year-antarctic-ice-core/
[23] integrated with: https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/universities/ocean-university-of-china/
[24] ‘correct political inclination’: https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-xi-calls-nurturing-patriotic-scientists-2021-09-28/
[25] natural right to leadership: https://chinadialogue.net/en/nature/global-deal-for-nature-chance-china-show-historic-global-leadership/
[26] ‘new geopolitical conflict’: https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Translations/2021-02-08%20Chinese%20Military%20Thoughts-%20In%20their%20own%20words%20Science%20of%20Military%20Strategy%202013.pdf?ver=NxAWg4BPw_NylEjxaha8Aw%3D%3D
[27] research: https://www.aspi.org.au/report/chinas-expanding-interests-antarctica
[28] secure national interests: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/20/c_136380414.htm
[29] failure to comply : https://www.forbes.com/sites/craighooper/2021/01/10/new-polar-strategy-must-focus-on-chinas-long-march-to-antarctica/?sh=61d821fb63e3
[30] military presence in Antarctica: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/chinas-next-geopolitical-goal-dominate-antarctica-180579
[31] ‘recognizes no foreign territorial claims’: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/antarct/uspolicy.jsp
[32] new ‘polar security’ icebreakers: https://www.military.com/daily-news/opinions/2020/09/09/us-polar-strategy-and-geopolitics-of-antarctica.html#:~:text=%20US%20Polar%20Strategy%20and%20the%20Geopolitics%20of,strategic%20objectives%20in%20the%20Antarctic%3F%20The...%20More%20
[33] how the US contributes: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/environmental-protection-antarctica-what-should-be-priorities-new-biden-administration
[34] pledging reaffirmed commitments: https://documents.ats.aq/ATCM32/fr/ATCM32_fr002_e.pdf
[35] for example: https://chinaus-icas.org/research/how-cooperation-on-climate-change-polar-research-can-help-thaw-us-china-relations/
[36] should work closely: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/antarctic-environmental-anniversary-a-reminder-that-diplomacy-is-key-to-regional-security/